Fact-check: “Based on scientific surveys of non-citizens combined with voter registration records, less than 1% of non-citizens in the U.S. are illegally registered to vote.”
Verdict: Partly True (38% confidence)
Richman's 2023 expert report in Arizona litigation and his revised national estimates do produce a sub-1% figure using 2022 CES data matched to registration records, and the Cato Institute and University of Washington Center for an Informed Public both cite this revised range as the best available survey-based estimate. However, the CES creators (Ansolabehere, Luks, Schaffner) have published peer-reviewed work showing the apparent non-citizen responses in that same dataset are entirely explaine…
This fact-check was conducted by SpinkillerAI, a non-partisan AI-powered accountability platform.
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